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Over the last two decades the application of enzymes in the pulp & paper industry has increased dramatically, and still new applications are developed. Some years ago the use of amylases for modification of starch coating and xylanases to reduce the consumption of bleach chemicals were the most well known applications, but today lipases for pitch control, esterases for stickies removal, amylases and cellulases for improved deinking and cellulases for fibre modification have become an integral part of the chemical solutions used in the pulp and paper mills.

Amylases for starch modification for paper coatings: In the manufacture of coated papers, a starch-based coating formulation is used to coat the surface of the paper. Compared with uncoated paper, the coating provides improved gloss, smoothness, and printing properties. Chemically modified starch with a low viscosity in solution is used. As an economical alternative to modifying the starch with aggressive oxidizing agents, alpha-amylases can be used to obtain the same reduction in viscosity.

Xylanases for bleach boosting: The dominant chemical pulping process is the Kraft process, which gives a dark brown pulp caused by lignin residues. Before the pulp can be used for the manufacture of fine paper grades, this dark pulp must undergo a bleaching process. Treatment of Kraft pulp with xylanases opens up the hemicellulose structure containing bound lignin and facilitates the removal of precipitated lignin–carbohydrate complexes prior to bleaching. By using xylanases, it is possible to wash out more lignin from the pulp and make the pulp more susceptible to bleaching chemicals. This technique is called "bleach boosting" and significantly reduces the need for chemicals in the subsequent bleaching stages. Xylanases thus help to achieve the desired level of brightness of the finished pulp using less chlorine or chlorine dioxide.