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Biotechnology & Industrial Enzymes
| Biotechnology & Industrial Enzymes | | Biotechnology is not new | - 6500 BC Encrusted residue in the shards of a huntergatherer camp unearthed in 1983 by Edinburgh archaeologist - Neolithic heather beer
- 4000 BC Tigris-Euphrates cradle of civilization - viticulture established. Babylonia beer a more popular drink - climate more suited to growing grains than grapes. In Mesopotamia 40% of cereal production went into beer production.
- 3000 BC Celts independently discover the art of brewing - Pliny the elder notes: “Western nations intoxicate themselves by means of moistened grain”
- Solom Katz, anthropologist suggests that these discoveries led to the transformation from hunting gathering to agricultural societies about 10,000 year.
| | | Enzymes: | | Biological catalysts in the form of proteins that drive chemical reactions in the cells of living organisms | - Very specific, fully bio-degradable and works under mild conditions in terms of temperature and acidity
- Made from renewable resources
- Saves water, energy, chemicals, and waste
- Improves product quality
- Speeds up production processes
| | | Industrial Enzymes: | | Many enzymes are now produced by fermentation of genetically modified microorganisms. They offer several advantages, including: | - Enzymes with a higher specificity and purity can be produced
- New and improved enzymes can be developed, which would otherwise not be available for economical, occupational health or environmental reasons
- Due to higher production efficiency there is an additional environmental benefit through reducing energy consumption and waste from the production plants
- For enzymes used in the food industry there are particular benefits, for example: better use of raw materials (juice industry), better keeping quality of a final food and thereby less wastage of food (baking industry), and a reduced use of chemicals in the production process (starch industry)
- For enzymes used in the feed industry a particular benefit is a significant reduction in the amount of phosphorus released to the environment from farming
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| | | Frequently Asked Questions | | Glossary of Terms | | How do enzymes work? Enzymes are natural protein molecules that act as highly efficient catalysts in biochemical reactions, meaning they help a chemical reaction to take place quickly and efficiently | | Alkaline phosphatase: An enzyme that degrades ester bonds in alkaline conditions. Amino acid amidase: An enzyme that is used in manufacturing optically pure amino acids. | | More... | | More... |
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